Hawaiian Gallinule; Hawaiian Common Moorhen

 Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis

 This endangered endemic bird was once found on most of the main islands, but now only small populations are found on Kaua`i, O`ahu, and Moloka`i.  Because of habitat destruction, predation, and illegal shootings these birds are in serious trouble and may soon be lost to us.  The `alae `ula is a sub-species of the common gallinule of North America and Eurasia.  Because of isolation they have evolved a non­migratory behavior and have become distinct enough to be considered as separate.  Their habitat includes freshwater wetlands, reservoirs, irrigation ditches with dense vegetation.  Although they swim well they remain in shallow protected water feeding on algae and aquatic animals.  Their zoo diet consists of diced greens and fruits, a wet mixture of poultry mash, grain, trout pellets, fruit fly pupae, and a vitamin-mineral additive. 

 The red frontal shield was acquired by this bird while obtaining fire for the Hawaiian people, so this bird is revered in Hawaiian culture.  The legend says the bird felt sorry for the Hawaiian people not having fire to cook or warm themselves, so the gallinule stole a burning log from the gods and scorched its forehead while bringing the log to the people.

 The gallinules were donated in 1999, and there have been several successful clutches hatched.